Erineum mites

Jun 19, 2009

Erineum mite populations seem to be exploding this season. In the past two weeks, a half-dozen samples have been dropped off at my office for inspection. Normally, a few samples are brought in from backyard vineyards, which I expect. However, the most recent samples and calls have been from commercial wine grape vineyards with concerns that it is downy mildew. First, let me assure you that it is not downy mildew. The Valley has not experienced an outbreak of downy mildew since the mid-90’s when a few table grape vineyards were identified with the disease after optimal weather; rain and warm temperatures. The recent erineum mite outbreaks in commercial vineyards are easily explained by a reduction in sulfur use for powdery mildew. Winegrape vineyards tend to experience more frequent outbreaks when wineries request a reduction in sulfur dust so it does not interfere with fermentation. Below is a summary of erineum mite life cycle.

 
Seasonal development and life cycle
Erineum mites, Colomerus vitis, overwinter under outer bud scales and move to unfolding leaves in spring. They associate in small groups, feeding on lower leaf surfaces. The end result is a blistering affect with masses of enlarged leaf hairs inside a blisterlike area on the leaf (the erineum).
 
Closeup of blister on topside of leaf.
 
On the undersides of the leaves, beneath the swellings, are concave, densely lined, felty masses of oversized leaf hairs in which the mite populations develop.
 
Underside of leaf displaying the distorted leaf hairs.
 
As the population increases, some mites move to new areas or to other leaves and form new erinea. From mid-August to leaf drop, there is a movement from the erinea back to the overwintering site underneath the bud scales. Grape erineum mites are easily managed with an early season application of sulfur used to control powdery mildew.

By Stephen J. Vasquez
Author - Viticulture Farm Advisor

Attached Images:

Grape displaying blistering. Grape erineum mites.